In the heart of one of America's most iconic national parks, a natural phenomenon known as Firefalls awaits those seeking to capture its breathtaking beauty. This awe-inspiring event is a seasonal phemonemon of alignment during sunset in Yosemite National Park when the light casts a lava-red glow upon a thin stream of water plummeting off the eastern side of El Capitan. While it may not involve actual flames, it's a mesmerizing visual of fire that graces Yosemite's Horsetail Falls every year in February.
As we dive into this ultimate guide, we'll equip you with all the knowledge and tips you need to responsibly and successfully see and photograph Firefalls in Yosemite National Park in 2025.
The Natural Marvel of Yosemite’s Firefall:
Before we dive into the nitty-gritty details, let's briefly explore what makes Firefall so extraordinary. This captivating phenomenon is a modern-day recreation of the original "Yosemite Firefall" that began in 1872 and continued for almost a century. Back then, hotel staff would toss burning embers from the top of Glacier Point, creating a mesmerizing spectacle.
Today, Firefall has a changed meaning and is a brilliant play of light. Throughout most of February, the sun's specific angle of descent casts a warm, fiery glow on the seasonally-occurring Horsetail Falls. This convergence of perfect conditions creates the illusion of a waterfall ablaze. Witnessing this natural marvel is undoubtedly bucket-list-worthy, but it requires careful planning and a bit of luck.
The Yosemite Firefall Season:
The eagerly awaited Yosemite's Firefall season for 2025 is coming up quickly and the places to stay are booking up fast. So, if you want to see Firefall in 2025, you’ll need to start planning and here’s a timeline for you. Typically occurring during the mid-to-late February timeframe, with peak intensity usually around February 21 each year depending on the snow pack from the winter.
As the month progresses, the chances of witnessing the Firefall decrease, but it's not impossible. The spectacle largely depends on the clarity of the sky, day temperatures, and the availability of water for Horsetail Falls. While it may not be as voluminous as during the peak period, the sunset's angle will continue to recreate the breathtaking illusion for those lucky enough to visit during this time.
So, if you find yourself in Yosemite during the winter, don't miss the opportunity to experience this natural wonder, even if it's not at its absolute peak. The Firefall is a reminder of the beauty and complexity of nature, and every moment spent observing it is a chance to connect with the natural world.
Frequently Asked Questions
Let's address some common questions asked before we dive into the finer points of photographing Yosemite’s Firefall:
1. Where is Yosemite’s Firefalls?
Yosemite’s Firefalls occur in Yosemite National Park, specifically in the Yosemite Valley area. This natural phenomenon happens at Horsetail Fall, a seasonal waterfall on the eastern side of El Capitan, one of the park’s most famous granite monoliths. Horsetail Fall is a slender cascade that flows only during winter and early spring, fed by snowmelt and seasonal rains.
The location of the Firefalls viewing is what makes this event so special. The optical illusion of the "fire" happens when the sun sets at just the right angle, creating a glowing effect on the waterfall that resembles molten lava pouring down the cliff. This alignment is visible from select vantage points within Yosemite Valley, most notably near El Capitan Picnic Area and Cathedral Beach Picnic Area.
To witness the Firefalls, it’s essential to know the specific timing and positioning of the sun. The event usually occurs during the last two weeks of February, but the effect is weather-dependent, requiring clear skies and sufficient water flow in Horsetail Fall. For the best experience, plan ahead, arrive early, and be prepared for crowded conditions, as this phenomenon attracts photographers and visitors from all over the world.
2. When does Yosemite’s Firefall occur?
The Yosemite Firefall typically occurs in mid-to-late February, with the phenomenon reaching its peak intensity around February 21, though the exact dates can vary slightly each year. The event is dependent on the precise alignment of the setting sun with Horsetail Fall, creating the striking "firefall" effect.
The optimal viewing conditions rely on several natural factors:
Clear Skies: The sun must be unobstructed by clouds during sunset to cast the perfect glow on the waterfall.
Water Flow: Horsetail Fall is a seasonal waterfall, so there needs to be sufficient snowmelt or rainfall to ensure water is flowing over the edge.
Timing: The event is most visible during the 10- to 15-minute window at sunset, when the light creates the vivid orange and red hues.
While February 21 is often the target date, it’s important to monitor conditions leading up to the event, as weather and water flow can shift the best viewing days slightly. Planning your visit during the last two weeks of February increases your chances of witnessing this breathtaking spectacle.
3. What time is Firefall in Yosemite?
Yosemite’s Firefall begins to reveal its golden hues approximately 35 minutes before sunset, with the most vibrant orange and red colors emerging during the 10-15 minutes leading up to sunset. The exact timing can vary slightly depending on the date and atmospheric conditions, but mid-February sunsets in Yosemite National Park typically occur between 5:30 PM and 5:45 PM.
To ensure the best viewing experience:
Arrive Early: Crowds gather well before sunset, so arriving 2-3 hours ahead of time will help you secure a good vantage point.
Monitor Conditions: The intensity of the colors depends on clear skies and the sun's angle, so watch for any weather changes.
Stay Patient: The light show builds gradually, culminating in the brilliant "firefall" effect just before the sun dips below the horizon.
Timing is crucial, so be prepared to wait and soak in the surrounding natural beauty as the phenomenon unfolds.
4. What causes the Yosemite Firefalls illusion?
The Yosemite Firefalls illusion occurs when the setting sun's light hits Horsetail Fall at the perfect angle, creating the appearance of glowing, fiery water cascading down the cliff. This phenomenon happens during a brief window in mid-to-late February, when the sun's position aligns precisely with the waterfall.
For the illusion to occur, several factors must align:
Seasonal Sunlight: The sun sets in just the right position to illuminate the waterfall with warm, golden light, transitioning into vivid orange and red hues.
Flowing Water: Horsetail Fall is a seasonal waterfall, so there must be enough snowmelt or rainwater for the flow to be visible.
Clear Skies: Cloud cover can block the sunlight, preventing the fiery glow from appearing.
This rare combination of light, water, and weather creates the illusion of "fire" pouring down the cliff, captivating viewers with its surreal beauty.
Firefall in 2022. Photo by Dalton Johnson
5. Which waterfall is Firefall?
The Firefall phenomenon occurs at Horsetail Fall, a seasonal waterfall located on the eastern side of El Capitan in Yosemite National Park. Horsetail Fall flows only during the late winter and early spring, fed by precipitation and snowmelt. Its presence during February—the time of the Firefall event—depends heavily on recent rainfall or sufficient snowpack to produce enough water flow.
Unlike Yosemite's year-round waterfalls like Bridalveil Fall or Yosemite Falls, Horsetail Fall is much thinner and more ephemeral. Its limited flow combined with the precise alignment of sunlight during mid-to-late February creates the unique conditions for the Firefall’s glowing "lava-like" effect. Without adequate precipitation or snowmelt, the waterfall may dry up, making the phenomenon impossible for that season.
6. Where do you go to view Yosemite Firefall?
To view the Yosemite Firefall, you’ll need a clear vantage point of Horsetail Fall in Yosemite Valley. Some of the most popular and accessible spots include:
El Capitan Picnic Area: This is one of the most favored locations, offering a direct view of Horsetail Fall. Arrive early, as parking and space fill up quickly.
Cathedral Beach Picnic Area: Another great spot that aligns well with the waterfall. Check accessibility during the season, as some areas may be closed for conservation efforts.
El Cap Meadow: A wide-open space that provides a stunning perspective of El Capitan and Horsetail Fall, especially when capturing photos of the phenomenon.
Four-Mile Trail and Taft Point: For those seeking a higher vantage point, these trails offer spectacular views of the valley, though they may require snowshoeing or hiking depending on winter conditions.
Tunnel View: While this iconic spot primarily showcases a panoramic view of Yosemite Valley, it can also serve as a distant but beautiful location to observe the Firefall.
Note: Some popular riverside viewing spots may be closed due to damage or for preservation purposes. Always check the latest updates from Yosemite National Park regarding closures, parking restrictions, and special regulations during the Firefall event. Arrive early to secure a spot, and be prepared for cold temperatures and large crowds at peak viewing times.
7. Where do you park for Firefalls?
Yosemite National Park provides several parking options for those visiting during the Firefall event, and with daily visitor limits in place, parking is usually manageable if you plan ahead. Here’s what you need to know:
Primary Parking Area: Look for parking signs along Northside Drive, particularly near the El Capitan Picnic Area or Cathedral Beach Picnic Area. These areas are closest to the best Firefall viewing spots.
Yosemite Lodge Parking: If the primary lots are full, you can park at Yosemite Valley Lodge and take a short walk or shuttle to the viewing areas.
Visitor Parking: General visitor parking lots near Yosemite Village are available as a fallback option. From there, you can take a shuttle or walk to the designated viewing sites.
Tips for Parking:
Arrive Early: Popular viewing areas fill up quickly, so plan to arrive at least 2-3 hours before sunset to secure a parking spot and a good vantage point.
Follow Regulations: Obey all posted parking signs and avoid parking along undesignated areas to protect the environment and avoid fines.
Prepare to Walk: Depending on where you park, you may need to walk 10-20 minutes to the viewing area, so wear comfortable shoes and bring a flashlight for navigating after dark.
By arriving early and planning ahead, you can make your Firefall experience stress-free and memorable.
8. How far do you have to hike for Firefalls?
The walk to the Yosemite Firefall viewing areas is relatively short but requires some preparation. From the main parking lots, such as the ones near El Capitan Picnic Area, the most popular viewing spots are approximately 1.5 miles each way, depending on your exact location.
Here’s what to expect:
Trail Conditions: The paths are mostly flat but can be icy or muddy in February, so wear sturdy, weather-appropriate footwear.
Time Estimate: The walk typically takes around 30-40 minutes each way, but give yourself extra time to navigate crowds, find your spot, and set up for photos if needed.
Accessibility: Some areas may require a bit of off-trail walking on uneven ground. For those with mobility concerns, check for viewing areas closer to parking or inquire about accessible spots.
Although the hike is manageable for most visitors, be prepared for cold evening temperatures and carry a flashlight or headlamp for the return walk after sunset. Arriving early ensures you can take your time and enjoy the stunning surroundings on the way to your vantage point.
9. Do you need a reservation to see Firefalls?
Yes, reservations are required to view the Yosemite Firefall in 2025. Due to the event's popularity and to manage visitor access, Yosemite National Park has implemented a reservation system for specific dates in February 2025. Reservations are mandatory for entry on the weekends of February 8–9, February 15–17, and February 22–23, 2025. This requirement applies to all visitors, even those not specifically attending the Firefall.
Visitors who arrive Mondays through Fridays (except Monday, February 17) won't need a reservation. The $35 per car entrance fee is valid for entry for seven days, regardless of the day of arrival.
To secure a reservation, visit Recreation.gov. Be aware that reservations tend to fill up quickly, so it's advisable to plan ahead and book as early as possible.
For the most current information and to make reservations, please refer to the National Park Service's official website or Recreation.gov.
Planning Your 2025 Yosemite Firefall Experience
Now, let's get into the details of planning your visit to Yosemite National Park to witness and photograph the Firefall in 2025.
Best Time to See the Yosemite Firefall in 2025
While the ideal date for observing the Firefalls is generally around February 21, with the entire week from February 18-25 considered "best viewing," there are several factors to consider.
The sun's azimuth, or angle relative to Earth, plays a crucial role, but it's not the only one. Be prepared for a stunning display of yellow hues early on, with the fiery orange and red tones creating the illusion emerging during the 10-15 minute window just before sunset. Yup, you read that correctly. Firefall only lasts 10-15 minutes long.
Yup, that is right, Firefall only occurs for 10-15, sometimes 30 minutes at best.
Choosing Your Viewing Angle
The viewing angle is a factor you can control to optimize your photography. Depending on conditions, different compositions offer various strengths and weaknesses.
For example, getting close to the Firefall can be a great option for a tight image. However, a side-on view can accentuate the Firefall by blocking out surrounding rock faces and creating a chamber of light. The side view is most commonly photographed.
Now, as the National Park Services are closing areas for conservation reasons, finding a solid view can be difficult among the crowds. With that said, there are still plenty of place to find unobstructed views, you might just need to show up early or hike a ways.
Viewing Locations To Consider
Popular viewing areas like Sentinel Beach along the riverbank have been closed due to damage, so you'll need to explore alternatives. Here are five exceptional locations to consider for experiencing the Yosemite Firefall during the mid-to-late February timeframe:
North River Road: This road offers multiple vantage points where you can witness the Firefall's magic. Look for areas along North River Road near Yosemite Lodge, and you're likely to find a spot that provides a stunning view.
Four Mile Trail: For a bit of adventure, take the Four Mile Trail. It's about a 1.5-mile hike each way from the main parking lots to the most common viewing areas. The hike itself can be a memorable part of your Firefall experience.
Taft Point: Taft Point is known for its breathtaking vistas, and it's an excellent spot for capturing the Firefall's beauty. The short hike to this viewpoint is well worth it, offering a unique perspective on the phenomenon.
El Capitan Meadow: This open area provides a broad view of Horsetail Falls and is a popular choice among photographers. Arrive early to secure a good spot, especially during the Firefall's peak days.
Valley View: Located along Northside Drive, this spot offers a classic view of El Capitan and the Merced River. It's not an ideal location to capture the Firefall but it can be a worthwhile location to try if you are running late and can't fund a spot.
Each of these locations offers a distinct perspective on the Firefall, allowing you to choose the one that best suits your photographic vision. Remember to arrive with ample time to secure your spot, and be prepared for a memorable evening in Yosemite's natural wonderland.
Essential Tips for 2025 Yosemite Firefall Photography
Capturing the mesmerizing Yosemite Firefall in 2025 is a photography dream come true. However, to make the most of this incredible experience, preparation is key. Here are essential tips to ensure your Firefall photography adventure is both successful and memorable:
1. Reservations and Planning:
Check for the latest information on reservations. During peak weekends in February, reservations may be required to enter Yosemite National Park. It's wise to plan your visit well in advance, especially if you're considering a weekend excursion.
2. Crowd Control and Viewing Locations:
During the peak Firefall season in February 2025, Yosemite National Park implements specific measures to manage crowds and protect the environment. Notably, Southside Drive may be closed to pedestrians during this period. The El Capitan Picnic Area on Northside Drive is the recommended viewing location, with one lane closed to vehicles to allow pedestrians safe access.
To reach the viewing area, consider the following options:
Walking: Park at the Yosemite Falls parking lot, located near Yosemite Valley Lodge, and walk approximately 1.5 miles to the El Capitan Picnic Area.
Shuttle Service: Utilize the free shuttle service from Yosemite Village or Curry Village, which provides convenient and eco-friendly transportation to the viewing point.
These measures are designed to enhance visitor safety and preserve the natural beauty of the park during the Firefall event.
3. Weather Preparedness:
February in Yosemite can be chilly, especially as the sun sets and temperatures drop quickly. Proper preparation is essential to stay warm and comfortable during your evening photography session for the Firefall.
What to Wear:
Layered Clothing: Dressing in layers allows you to adjust for fluctuating temperatures. Start with a thermal base layer, add insulating layers like fleece or down, and top it off with a waterproof and wind-resistant jacket.
Accessories: Don’t overlook warm gloves, a hat, and a scarf to protect extremities from the cold. Touchscreen-friendly gloves are a great option if you plan to handle a camera or phone.
Footwear: Wear insulated, waterproof boots with good traction. Snow or wet ground is common, so sturdy footwear will keep your feet warm and dry while preventing slips.
Essential Gear:
Flashlight or Headlamp: After sunset, natural light diminishes rapidly, making a flashlight or headlamp crucial for navigating trails and parking areas. Opt for a headlamp to keep your hands free for photography gear or other tasks.
Extra Layers or Blankets: Bring an extra layer or blanket to wrap yourself in while waiting for the Firefall to begin, especially if you’ll be sitting for extended periods.
Know the Conditions:
Average February temperatures in Yosemite range from 28°F at night to 53°F during the day, but it can feel much colder when you’re standing still outdoors in the evening.
Check the weather forecast for the day of your visit to prepare for potential snow, rain, or icy conditions. Be mindful of how these factors could impact visibility and road conditions.
Additional Tips:
Pack a thermos with a hot drink to stay warm and hydrated.
Use chemical hand warmers for extra comfort during the wait.
Keep your camera batteries in a warm pocket, as cold weather can drain battery life faster than usual.
Being prepared for Yosemite’s February weather ensures you can focus on the magic of the Firefall while staying safe and comfortable. With the right clothing and gear, you’ll be ready to fully enjoy this once-a-year spectacle.
4. Equipment and Camera Settings:
Capturing the Yosemite Firefall requires the right gear and an understanding of your camera’s settings to make the most of this fleeting phenomenon. Here are some essential tips for getting stunning photographs:
Camera Gear to Bring:
Tripod: A sturdy tripod is essential for stabilizing your camera during long-exposure shots in low light. Ensure it can handle uneven ground, as some areas near the viewing points may be rocky or snowy.
Wide-Angle Lens: A wide-angle lens (16-35mm) allows you to capture the full grandeur of the Firefall and its surroundings, including the dramatic cliffs and sky.
Telephoto Lens: For close-up shots of Horsetail Fall and the fiery effect, use a telephoto lens (70-200mm or longer). This lens helps you focus on the waterfall’s details and enhances the "lava flow" illusion.
Remote Shutter Release or Timer: Use a remote shutter release or your camera’s built-in timer to minimize camera shake and ensure sharper images during long exposures.
Extra Batteries and Memory Cards: Cold weather can drain batteries faster, so bring spares. A large-capacity memory card ensures you won’t run out of space as you experiment with settings and capture multiple shots.
Camera Settings to Use:
The Firefall’s changing light conditions require you to adjust your settings as the event unfolds. Here are general guidelines:
Manual Mode: Use manual mode for full control over your settings.
ISO: Start with a low ISO (100-400) to reduce noise and maintain image clarity. Increase ISO slightly as the light fades, but avoid going too high to prevent grainy images.
Aperture: Use a mid-range aperture (f/8 to f/11) to ensure both the waterfall and its surroundings are in sharp focus.
Shutter Speed: Adjust your shutter speed to capture the movement of the water and the glowing effect. Experiment with slower speeds (1/15 to 1 second) to create a smooth, flowing look.
White Balance: Set your white balance to "Daylight" to preserve natural colors, or experiment with custom settings to emphasize the warm tones of the Firefall.
Tips for the Best Shots:
Arrive Early for Test Shots: Set up your gear and take test shots well before sunset to find the best angles and settings.
Bracket Your Shots: Take multiple exposures at different settings to increase your chances of capturing the perfect shot.
Be Patient: The Firefall’s glow intensifies in the last 10-15 minutes before sunset, so stay ready to adjust your settings as the light changes.
With the right equipment and a solid understanding of your camera’s capabilities, you’ll be prepared to capture the breathtaking beauty of the Yosemite Firefall and create images that preserve the magic of this natural wonder.
5. Patience and Timing:
Patience and timing are essential for capturing the Yosemite Firefall in all its glory. This phenomenon is as much about anticipation as it is about photography, and careful planning will ensure you don’t miss a moment of the magic.
Arrive Early for the Best Spot:
Photographers and visitors begin gathering hours before the Firefall begins. To secure a prime viewing location, plan to arrive at least 2-3 hours before sunset. Popular spots like El Capitan Picnic Area and Cathedral Beach Picnic Area fill up quickly, so getting there early gives you time to set up your gear, adjust your composition, and enjoy the atmosphere without feeling rushed.
Observe the Changing Light:
As the sun sets, the light gradually transforms, bathing Horsetail Fall in warm, golden hues before transitioning to the fiery oranges and reds that make the Firefall so spectacular.
Timing Is Everything: The most vibrant colors typically occur in the last 10-15 minutes before sunset, so stay alert and ready to capture those fleeting moments.
Be Flexible: Cloud cover or slight atmospheric changes can affect the intensity and timing of the Firefall. Adapt your approach as conditions shift.
Take Multiple Shots and Experiment:
To fully capture the beauty of the Firefall, take a variety of shots:
Vary Your Exposures: Use bracketing to shoot multiple exposures at different settings. This allows you to select the best image or merge them into an HDR photo for enhanced detail.
Play with Compositions: Include the surrounding cliffs, trees, or sky in your frame to add context and depth to your images. For more intimate shots, zoom in on the waterfall to highlight the fiery illusion.
Adjust as Needed: Light changes quickly as the event progresses, so don’t hesitate to tweak your settings or reposition your camera for the best angle.
Embrace the Experience:
Remember, the Firefall is not just a photography opportunity—it’s also a chance to witness one of nature’s most extraordinary spectacles. While capturing the perfect shot is rewarding, take moments to put down the camera, soak in the scene, and appreciate the beauty unfolding before you.
With patience, attention to detail, and a willingness to experiment, you’ll walk away not only with incredible photos but also with unforgettable memories of this breathtaking natural phenomenon.
By following these essential tips, you'll be well-prepared to capture the Yosemite Firefall in all its natural splendor. Remember that this experience is not just about photography; it's a chance to connect with the beauty of Yosemite National Park and witness one of nature's most remarkable spectacles.
Related Read: Photography Guide to Firefall in Yosemite
The Legacy of Yosemite Firefalls
Yosemite’s Firefall we know today—a natural display of sunlight illuminating Horsetail Fall—is a stunning example of nature’s beauty. However, it also carries the legacy of a very different spectacle: the original Yosemite Firefall.
From 1871 to 1968, the Yosemite Firefall was a nightly event where glowing campfire embers were deliberately pushed off the edge of Glacier Point, creating a fiery cascade that fell 3,000 feet to the valley below. This man-made phenomenon began as a tradition by James McCauley, the owner of Glacier Point Hotel, who started the Firefall to entertain guests. It quickly gained popularity, becoming a hallmark attraction that drew large crowds.
The National Park Service eventually ended the practice in 1968, citing concerns about the unnatural disruption to Yosemite's ecosystem and the growing commercialization of the event. Yet the memory of the original Firefall lingered, paving the way for its natural counterpart to capture imaginations.
In the early 1970s, photographers like Galen Rowell discovered and popularized the natural Yosemite Firefall—a breathtaking optical phenomenon created when sunlight strikes Horsetail Fall at just the right angle during February. This natural display evokes the fiery cascade of its predecessor but in a way that honors Yosemite's pristine environment.
Today, the modern Firefall is a bucket-list event for photographers and nature enthusiasts alike. Its rise in popularity can be largely attributed to social media, where stunning images of the glowing fall circulate widely, inspiring countless visitors to witness this fleeting marvel in person. The legacy of the Yosemite Firefall lives on, evolving from a man-made spectacle to a natural wonder that showcases the beauty and power of Yosemite National Park.
As you gear up for your 2025 Yosemite Firefall adventure, keep these essential tips in mind. The Firefall is more than just a visual spectacle; it’s a powerful reminder of nature’s beauty and its fleeting wonders. With thoughtful preparation and a touch of patience, you can fully immerse yourself in this awe-inspiring event and capture its magic through your lens.
Pack your camera gear, dress in layers to stay warm, and prepare for an unforgettable journey into Yosemite’s enchanting winter landscape. Whether you’re there for the perfect photograph or simply to marvel at the fiery glow of Horsetail Fall, remember that the Firefall is a rare gift from nature—a fleeting moment that leaves behind memories to treasure for a lifetime.
Embrace the experience, connect with fellow adventurers, and let Yosemite’s Firefall inspire you with its brilliance and timeless beauty.
